Carbon Dioxide (CO2) emissions and the associated negative impact on the environment and quality of life present a significant challenge to scientists, environmental authorities, and decision-makers. The construction industry contributes a significant amount of CO2 emissions mainly due to the use of concrete and the literature has emphasized the significance of assessing CO2 emissions generated by building construction. Limited research considered the integration of Spatio-Temporal analysis with life cycle assessment (LCA) at the urban scale. Current research aims at developing a GIS-based framework integrated with a LCA methodology to assess CO2 emissions in relation to urban developments over time. The proposed framework is focused on assessing and analyzing CO2 emissions associated with the construction and operation of building structural information. High-resolution satellite images and open-source platforms are used to digitize information of buildings in specific urban development. The analysis models and simulation techniques are applied to identify hot spots with high CO2 emissions and evaluate the impacts of performing different retrofitting scenarios. The framework is validated with a case study of Ajman City in the UAE. The residential building construction is associated with high CO2 emissions with a maximum factor of about 1,358 kgCO2/m2 , while governmental building construction has lower CO2 emissions with a minimum factor of about 445 kgCO2/m2 . The total construction CO2 emissions in Ajman were 28,132,772 tones, 15,183,420 tones, and 9,896,249 tons in 2015, 2000, and 1985, respectively. While the total CO2 emissions of systems operation were 5,762,057 tones, 3,314,235 tones, and 2,134,638 tons in 2015, 2000, and 1985, respectively. Future research work can consider additional building components beyond the building structural information and can incorporate the impact of the end-of-life CO2 emissions.