Digital transformation today is one of the most popular tools being adopted by all businesses, especially in Supply Chain Management (SCM). The rapid advancement in digital technologies such as the internet of things, has reshaped supply chain activities and coordination among supply chain members. This study proposes an approach based on multi-criteria decision-making, to investigate the relationship between the Digital Supply Chain System (DSCS) and the subsequent factors, such as technical, organizational, and external factors that can impact the application of DSCS in the energy sector. Based on a comprehensive literature review, nine criteria were considered to have an impact on the application of DSCS in the energy sector. The study collected data from the responses obtained from experts in the field. The impact of the identified nine criteria on the implementation of the DSCS was evaluated through Hypothesis Analysis, Fuzzy Analytical Hierarchy Process (F-AHP), and Fuzzy Decision-Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory (F-DEMATEL) methods. The study's findings suggest that organizational and technical requirements, and external factors have a highly significant influence on the application of DSCS in the energy sector which in turn contradicted all three null hypotheses initially proposed in the study. Also, the F-AHP and F-DEMATEL show that monitoring and control, information system and network security, labor skills, and technology infrastructure affect the DSCS application more than the other factors considered in this study. In conclusion, this research provided an empirical approach to study the application of DSCS in the energy sector and indicated a strong relationship among the study variables. The results of this study may pave the way for future studies for in-depth analysis of these factors.